A Vector2 is basically a variable that holds two floats (X and Y) and is therefore mainly used as a position indicator (you also have Vector3, which will allow positions in 3 dimensions).
And it is possible to check a tile at a certain x,y coordinate. You'll want to watch out for world coordinates, though (player.position, npc.position, projectile.position, etc), since you'll want to recalculate those to 'tile coordinates'. You can do this by dividing the X and Y values of the coordinate by 16 (which is the tile size in pixels in Terraria). After that, you can call 'Main.tile[x, y]' to get the tile at the given coordinates (example using an NPC):
Code:
int x = (int)(npc.position.X / 16); // Getting the X axis as a 'tile coordinate'.
int y = (int)(npc.position.Y / 16); // Getting the Y axis as a 'tile coordinate'.
// Now you've got your tile (using Main.tile[x, y]), do with it what you want.