I have a lot of stuff in mine and I fail at managing effectively because my inventory fills up in seconds whenever I step outside my base. I'm grinding the Wall of flesh right now so that's why I have a few voodoo dolls. Generally, I always have weapons filling up the hotbar, with the sword 1st, Spear or Scythe 2nd, ranged weapons in 3 and 4 and other weapons not in my main classes in 5 and 6, summon in slot 7 and now I have the Rod of Discord in slot 8 with slots 9 and 10 mostly used for Money Trough/Magic Mirror, or mushroom building.
My pickaxe is always the 1st item in the 2nd row followed by axe/hamaxe and hammer (My tools are always kept there because I shift-click to dig which removes the need to have them in the hotbar, same with torches). Then by torches, healing potions, mana potions and rope. In Pre 1.3 I had my grappling hook where my pickaxe is now but with the welcome addition of the grapple hook equipment slot, that's no longer necessary.
In the 3rd row as well as the 1st 3 columns after that, all the info accessories must go there, when combined into the cell phone, it will mainly stay in row 3 column 1 unless I need to teleport home
Things that I commonly need for crafting (like cursed flames/ichor) stay in the bottom left most row and column) Wood is usually placed randomly, same with safe and money trough at times. Then Gel must be in row 5 column 10 and stars must be in row 5 column 9. Anything else is random, and put into chests after an exploration.
For the piggy bank I like to keep all my money on the left column and store extra fishing equipment, fishing potions, some extra weapons and tools if the need for them arises that I can easily get to anywhere.
As for my accessory slots, Wings are always the 1st item when they become available followed by Worm Scarf (In Corruption Worlds only) Boots which include Hermes or Spectre/Lightning/Frostspark. The current shield I'm using, the others can have anything in them.